Is Your Child's Summer Cough Just a Cold — or Could It Be Asthma?

Is Your Child's Summer Cough Just a Cold — or Could It Be Asthma? 

Summer often involves swimming, playing outside, and school holidays. However, some children experience a persistent cough during this time. 

This cough might be due to a cold, allergies, or dust irritation. Alternatively, it could indicate asthma. 

Summer Triggers for Asthma Symptoms 

• Asthma flare-ups are typically associated with winter, but summer can also have triggers: 
• High pollen counts from grasses and weeds 
• Poor indoor air quality due to closed windows and constant AC use 
• Viral infections spread during warmer months 
• Increased exposure to allergens like mould and dust mites indoors 
• These factors may cause or worsen asthma symptoms in children, particularly when spending more time indoors to avoid the heat. 

Signs of Potential Asthma 

• Not every cough indicates asthma, but sure signs should be monitored: 
• Nighttime coughing fits, especially after coming inside from outdoor activities 
• Wheezing or noisy breathing during or after physical activity 
• Getting tired quickly while running or playing compared to other children 
• Chest tightness or shortness of breath 
• A family history of asthma or allergies increases the risk 
• Recurring episodes of these symptoms, especially around specific triggers, may warrant further investigation. 

Misconceptions About Childhood Asthma 

• Common myths regarding asthma include: 
• "Only wheezing means asthma." Some children exhibit only a chronic dry cough. 
• "Kids outgrow asthma." While some do, many continue to experience asthma into adulthood. 
• "Asthma only happens in winter." Summer can also trigger asthma symptoms. 

Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Asthma 

1. What specific tests can a paediatrician perform to diagnose asthma in children? 

Diagnosing asthma in children involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tools, depending on the child's age and symptoms: 

Medical History and Physical Exam 

• The pediatrician will ask about the following: 
• Frequency and timing of symptoms (e.g., coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath) 
• Triggers (e.g., exercise, cold air, allergens) 
• Family history of asthma or allergies 
• They'll listen to the lungs for wheezing or other abnormal sounds. 

Lung Function Tests (for children aged five and older) 

Spirometry: 

              Measures how much air a child can exhale and how fast. Children with asthma often have reduced airflow due to narrowed airways. 

Bronchodilator Reversibility Test: 

              Spirometry is done before and after giving a quick-relief bronchodilator (like albuterol). Improvement in lung function suggests asthma. 

Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Monitoring 

A peak flow meter measures how fast a child can blow air out of their lungs. Variability in readings over time supports an asthma diagnosis. 

Allergy Testing 

Skin prick tests or blood tests (IgE levels) to identify allergic triggers contributing to asthma symptoms. 

Trial of Asthma Medication 

If symptoms improve significantly with inhaled bronchodilators or corticosteroids, it supports the diagnosis of asthma. 

> Note: Asthma diagnosis is more clinical in younger children (under 5) because they can't reliably perform lung function tests. 

2. How can parents differentiate between a cough caused by allergies and one caused by asthma? 

While both conditions can cause chronic coughing, there are key differences: If the cough is accompanied by wheezing, rapid breathing, or fatigue during play, it's more likely to be asthma. If it occurs only when exposed to known allergens and clears up quickly with antihistamines, it's more allergy-related. 

3. What are some effective long-term strategies for managing asthma symptoms in children? 

• Managing childhood asthma effectively requires a comprehensive, long-term plan tailored to the child's severity and triggers. 
• Medical Management 
• Controller Medications (Daily Use): 
• Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide) to reduce inflammation. 
• Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., montelukast) for mild asthma or allergy-induced symptoms. 
• Rescue Medications (As Needed): 
• Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) for acute flare-ups. 

Asthma Action Plan 

A written plan from the doctor outlining: 

• Daily medications 
• Signs of worsening asthma 
• Steps to take during an asthma attack 

Environmental Control 

• Reduce indoor allergens: 
• Use allergen-proof covers on bedding 
• Wash bedding weekly in hot water 
• Avoid carpets and soft toys in bedrooms 
• Keep indoor humidity around 40–50% to discourage dust mites and mould 
• Avoid smoking indoors or near children 
• Use HEPA filters in air purifiers 

Outdoor Precautions 

• Limit outdoor activity on high pollen or pollution days 
• Encourage wearing masks if the air quality is poor 
• Warm-up exercises before sports to prevent exercise-induced asthma 

Monitor and Adjust 

• Regular follow-ups with the pediatrician or pediatric pulmonologist 
• Use a peak flow meter at home to track lung function 
• Monitor symptom diaries to spot patterns or worsening signs 

Education and Empowerment 

Teach older children how to recognise their symptoms and use inhalers properly 

Educate teachers and caregivers about the child's condition and emergency protocols 

Steps to Take 

To address potential asthma symptoms, consider the following actions: 

Consult a Pediatrician 

Request a lung function check or referral to a pediatric pulmonologist, a specialist in children's lung diseases, if necessary. A pediatric pulmonologist can provide a more in-depth evaluation and management plan for your child's asthma. 

Track Symptoms 

              Record when the cough occurs to help identify patterns. 

Enhance Indoor Air Quality 

              Avoid smoking near children, use mild cleaning products, and consider using an air purifier. 

Moderate Use of Air Conditioning 

              Set the AC at a comfortable temperature to avoid airway irritation. 

Encourage Outdoor Activity with Precautions 

              Be mindful of high-pollen days or smog alerts; plan activities earlier. 

Addressing Persistent Coughs 

A persistent cough could indicate that a child's lungs require additional support. Early detection of asthma is beneficial for effective management. 

Key Point: If a child coughs more than once a week, particularly at night or after playing, consult a doctor to identify asthma. 

Childhood asthma is diagnosed through medical history, physical exams, and lung function testing. Parents can distinguish allergy coughs from asthma by observing symptoms like wheezing and response to medication. Long-term control involves consistent medication use, environmental modifications, and regular monitoring—all guided by a healthcare provider. Consult your paediatrician early for proper diagnosis and care.